—Serajul Islam Chy—

According to a report by the private organisation “Youth Matters,” 42% of young people in Bangladesh now wish to migrate abroad. Does this number seem too low or too high? It depends on who was surveyed. If only educated urban youth were questioned, the figure might be higher than 42%.

THE MAIN CAUSE – UNEMPLOYMENT

The primary reason is the lack of jobs in the country. Unemployment is rising, especially in rural areas, where it is said to be twice as high as in urban areas. Despite this, rural youth lack the courage and financial ability to go abroad. Yet, some still manage, often selling land or mortgaging homes. This is because there are income opportunities abroad that are unavailable here.

However, some return from abroad as job shortages due to economic recessions and technological advancements have reduced the demand for physical labour. Additionally, fraudsters take advantage of youth by offering false promises. Women, too, migrate, particularly to the Middle East, such as Saudi Arabia, where many face severe hardships, including forced labour or even worse exploitation.

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The youth of Bangladesh once fought valiantly—against colonial rule, against Pakistan, and most memorably in the Liberation War of 1971. They were fearless, joining the war in droves and compelling the Pakistani forces to surrender. Today, the same youth see salvation in leaving the country.

The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics reports a decrease of 400,000 in employment opportunities. The number of unemployed university graduates now stands at 800,000, though unofficial figures suggest even higher numbers.

The lack of capital investment in the country is another major reason for this predicament. Much of the income generated in Bangladesh is siphoned off abroad. Wealthy Bangladeshis invest heavily in properties and businesses in places like Singapore and Dubai. For example, it is reported that $9 million in export earnings have not returned to the country.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY

The state and society both bear responsibility. The state has suppressed youth by curbing democratic practices, such as abolishing student council elections. Educational institutions are now dominated by ruling party-backed student groups, depriving young people of a platform to learn democracy.

Youth movements have historically shown the immense potential of young people, their creativity, and resilience. The article calls for systemic changes to eliminate inequality and provide opportunities for all. Without such transformation, the frustrations of the youth will continue to grow, threatening the fabric of society.

(The writer is an Emeritus Professor, University of Dhaka)